Research
Books
Spatially Fractionated, Microbeam and FLASH Radiation Therapy: A physics and multi-disciplinary approach
Editors: Hualin Zhang and Nina A Mayr
Minibeam
1. Hara D, Ma J, Corner SM, Mutter RW, Grams MP, Remmes N, Wan Chan Tseung HS. (2026 Aug 5). Design and commissioning of divergent proton minibeam collimators and supporting accessories for homogeneous target dose irradiation. Phys Med Biol, ;():. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae95d4
2. Lin Y, Wu W, Setianegara J, Wang A, Gerard N, Nys J, Gan GN, Gao H. (2026 Feb 8). Experimental characterization of proton minibeam therapy delivery under FLASH dose-rate conditions. Sci Rep, 16;(1):. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36739-0
3. Lin Y, Wu W, Setianegara J, Wang A, Gerard N, Nys J, Gan G, Gao H. (2025 Dec 1). Advancing Proton Therapy: Integration of Minibeam Spatial Fractionation and FLASH Dose Rates. Res Sq, ;():. pii: rs.3.rs-8116270. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8116270/v1
4. McGarrigle JM, Long KR, Prezado Y. (2024). On the significance of the different geometrical and dosimetric parameters in microbeam and minibeam radiation therapy a retrospective evaluation. Front Oncol, 14;():1449293. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1449293
Stereotactic Central/Core Ablative Radiation Therapy (SCART)
1. Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhu H, Yang S, Yang C, Jiang S, Shen S, Zhao L, Luo J, Yuan Z, Liu N. (2026 Apr 30). Preliminary results from a phase II trial of spatially fractionated radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with bulky solid tumors: early evidence of promising efficacy and favorable safety. Radiat Oncol, 21;(1):. doi: 10.1186/s13014-026-02841-w
2. Li Y, Han L, Yan W, Yang J. (2026). SCART sequential lattice spatial fractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer with bulky bone metastasis: a case report. Front Oncol, 16;():1761101. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1761101
3. Zhou Y, Tanny S, Milano MT, Marples B, Li F, Jung H, Webster M, Podgorsak AR, Yoon J, Rivais W, Hazoglou MJ, Zheng D. (2025). Spatially fractionated radiation therapy for treating recurrent glioblastoma: a dosimetric feasibility study. Front Oncol, 15;():1691132. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1691132
4. Penagaricano J, Nakashima JY. (2025). Case Report: Early experience with hypoxia-targeted SBRT-based partial tumor irradiation in large and bulky tumors. Front Oncol, 15;():1697888. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1697888
5. Xu Z, Balik S, Woods K, Lim A, Ye JC, Chang EL, Lyons K, Ma L, Shen Z, Lukas L, Zhang H. (2025). Stereotactic core ablative radiation therapy for small hypoxic tumors: impact of dosimetric approaches and consequent optimization strategy in the context of spatially fractionated radiation therapy. Front Oncol, 15;():1568959. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1568959
6. Li T, Yao X, He R, Xue X, Wang S, Chen J, Qiu Q, Yin Y, Tang Q. (2025). Proton stereotactic centralized ablative radiation therapy for treating bulky tumor: a treatment plan study. Front Oncol, 15;():1474327. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1474327
7. Yang J, Lu Q, Qi W, Kolb RD, Wang L, Li Y, Li S, Lin Y, Liu J, Mourad W, MirkhaghaniHaghighi F, Slavisa T, Wu X, You WC, Yang E, Hanlon A, Zhu A, Yan W. (2024). Stereotactic central/core ablative radiation therapy: results of a phase I study of a novel strategy to treat bulky tumor. Front Oncol, 14;():1364627. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1364627
8. Yu KK, Yeo A, Ngan S, Chu J, Chang D, Siva S, Wong A, Kron T, Hardcastle N, Gaudreault M, Chesson T, Williams S, Burns M, Chander S. (2024 May). Partially Ablative Body Radiotherapy (PABR): A novel approach for palliative radiotherapy of locally advanced bulky unresectable sarcomas. Radiother Oncol, 194;():110185. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110185
minibeam physics
1. Dere K, Usta AC, Kurnaz RS, Lin L, Yang Y, Surucu M, Charyyev S. (2025). Are we overestimating proton minibeam therapy effectiveness through physical dose metrics? Front Oncol, 15;():1682511. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1682511
2. Lin Y, Wu W, Setianegara J, Wang A, Gerard N, Nys J, Gan G, Gao H. (2025 Dec 1). Advancing Proton Therapy: Integration of Minibeam Spatial Fractionation and FLASH Dose Rates. Res Sq, ;():. pii: rs.3.rs-8116270. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8116270/v1
SFRT biology
1. Roncali L, Riquelme-Perez M, Teles RHG, Torrejon J, Espenon J, Gilbert C, Iturri L, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, Bonfrate A, Lombard B, Loew D, Marsaud V, Juchaux M, Ayrault O, Prezado Y. (2026 Aug 26). Proton minibeam radiation therapy induces distinct metabolic and synaptic remodelling in rats with orthotopic glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, ;():. pii: S0360-3016(26)04235-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.08.047
2. Woodger K. (2026 Aug 18). Biology-informed reinterpretation of lattice radiotherapy using non-local bystander signalling and anatomy-aware vascular sink modelling. Phys Med Biol, 71;(16):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae94dd
3. Morales VR, Bryan JN, Chu S, Barbour AB, Kim DY, Bryant J, Andruska N, Kavanaugh J, Spraker MB, Maitz CA. (2026 Apr 9). Lattice Radiation Therapy Delays Progression and Extends Survival for Dogs with Macroscopic Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Radiat Res, 205;(6):630-638. doi: 10.1667/RADE-25-00208.1
4. Čolić A, Franco MS, Subramanian N, Ahmed M, Raulefs S, Müller J, Bartzsch S, Combs SE, Schmid TE, Scherthan H. (2026 Mar 11). Differential Cytokine and DNA Damage Response of Human Lung Tissue Models to Broad-Beam and Microbeam Radiotherapy. Cells, 15;(6):. doi: 10.3390/cells15060500
5. Perry M, Fischer J, Scheck K, DÃaz GY, Day J, Pysklywec M, Dufort-Gagnon L, Willerth SM, Bazalova-Carter M. (2026). In vitro study of spatially-fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) with gold nanoparticles in cancerous and healthy skin cells. Int J Radiat Biol, 102;(8):1024-1037. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2026.2645907
6. Dağkazanlı Ö, Čolić A, Lindner R, Bartzsch S, Combs SE, Schmid TE, Franco MS. (2026 Jan 7). Targeting Lung Cancer Cell Motility Using Microbeam Radiation Therapy. Cells, 15;(2):. doi: 10.3390/cells15020107
7. Roncali L, Acuña-Perez MI, Espenon J, Sánchez-GarcÃa M, Luna-Vega V, Kölmel EG, Gilbert C, Sertorio M, Juchaux M, Prezado Y. (2026 Mar). Mini-GRID enhances survival and reduces toxicity in an orthotopic murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A proof-of-concept study. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 57;():101101. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2025.101101
8. Fang Z, Zhou X, Zou P, Chen J, Chen X, Huang N, Gong C, Quan L, Tang J, Mi Y, Zhao S, Lang J, Chen M. (2025 Dec 18). Minibeam radiation therapy remodels tumor microenvironment and suppresses HIF-1α/VEGFR axis to overcome radioresistance in triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol, 9;(1):401. doi: 10.1038/s41698-025-01178-z
9. Chen X, Yang M, Huang Y, Tu J, Cai Y, Yuan X. (2025). Molecular mechanisms underlying the abscopal effect induced by radiotherapy and its synergistic translational potential with immunotherapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol, 17;():17588359251387534. doi: 10.1177/17588359251387534
10. Arous D, Larsen Lie J, Jeppesen Edin NF, Malinen E. (2025 Oct 24). Integrating 2D dosimetry and cell survival analysis for predicting local effect in spatially fractionated radiotherapy. Acta Oncol, 64;():1465-1472. doi: 10.2340/1651-226X.2025.44599
11. Gualtieri P, Prebble A, Martin T, Griffin RJ, Boss MK, Leary D. (2025 Oct 10). Lattice radiation therapy for canine sinonasal carcinoma: feasibility study of spatially fractionated radiotherapy using volumetric modulated arc therapy. BMC Vet Res, 21;(1):598. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-05030-1
12. Casteloes N, House CD, Tambasco M. (2025 May 7). A 3D Co-Culture Scaffold Approach to Assess Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy Bystander and Abscopal Immune Effects on Clonogenic Survival. Int J Mol Sci, 26;(9):. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094436
13. Kaminaga K, Fukunaga H, Hirose E, Watanabe R, Suzuki K, Prise KM, Yokoya A. (2025 May 23). Time-lapse imaging of cells in spatially fractionated X-ray fields using a mini beam as an alternative to accelerator-based sub-millimeter beams. J Radiat Res, 66;(3):318-328. doi: 10.1093/jrr/rraf020
14. Fazzari J, Fernandez-Palomo C, Pellicioli P, Day L, Trappetti V, Lucien-Matteoni F, Kim Y, Mutter R, Park S, Grams M, Djonov V. (2025 Mar 10). Spatially fractionated minibeam radiation delivered at clinically feasible dose rates induces transient vascular permeability. Sci Rep, 15;(1):8210. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87395-9
15. Bertho A, Graeff C, Ortiz R, Giorgi M, Schuy C, Juchaux M, Gilbert C, Espenon J, Oppermann J, Sokol O, Tinganelli W, Prezado Y. (2025 Mar 1). Carbon minibeam radiation therapy results in tumor growth delay in an osteosarcoma murine model. Sci Rep, 15;(1):7305. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91872-6
16. Prezado Y, Lamirault C, Larcher T, Gilbert C, Espenon J, Patriarca A, de Marzi L, Corvino A, Ortiz R, Juchaux M. (2025 Apr). On the significance of peak dose in normal tissue toxicity in spatially fractionated radiotherapy: The case of proton minibeam radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol, 205;():110769. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2025.110769
17. Khan AZ, Scholl CM, Henry JG, Basran PS. (2024 Nov 1). A Comparative Study on Radiosensitivity of Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines Subjected to Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy. Radiat Res, 202;(5):745-751. doi: 10.1667/RADE-24-00168.1
18. Jagodinsky JC, Vera JM, Jin WJ, Shea AG, Clark PA, Sriramaneni RN, Havighurst TC, Chakravarthy I, Allawi RH, Kim K, Harari PM, Sondel PM, Newton MA, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ, Miller JR, Ong IM, Morris ZS. (2024 Sep 18). Intratumoral radiation dose heterogeneity augments antitumor immunity in mice and primes responses to checkpoint blockade. Sci Transl Med, 16;(765):eadk0642. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk0642
19. Bekker RA, Obertopp N, Redler G, Penagaricano J, Caudell JJ, Yamoah K, Pilon-Thomas S, Moros EG, Enderling H. (2024 Sep 13). Spatially fractionated GRID radiation potentiates immune-mediated tumor control. Radiat Oncol, 19;(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s13014-024-02514-6
20. Lukas L, Zhang H, Cheng K, Epstein A. (2023 Dec). Immune Priming with Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy. Curr Oncol Rep, 25;(12):1483-1496. doi: 10.1007/s11912-023-01473-7
21. Chi MS, Tien DC, Chi KH. (2023). Inhomogeneously distributed ferroptosis with a high peak-to-valley ratio may improve the antitumor immune response. Front Oncol, 13;():1178681. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1178681
22. Cho YB, Yoon N, Suh JH, Scott JG. (2023 Aug 7). Radio-immune response modelling for spatially fractionated radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol, 68;(16):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ace819
23. Cho YB, Yoon N, Suh JH, Jacob SG. (2023 Apr 30). Radio-Immune Response Modelling for Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy. bioRxiv, ;():. pii: 2023.04.28.538767. doi: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538767
24. Serduc R, Bouchet A. (2023 May 1). MRT-boost as the last fraction may be the most efficient irradiation schedule for increased survival times in a rat glioma model. J Synchrotron Radiat, 30;(Pt 3):591-595. doi: 10.1107/S1600577523002606
25. Benkhaled S, Peters C, Jullian N, Arsenijevic T, Navez J, Van Gestel D, Moretti L, Van Laethem JL, Bouchart C. (2023 Jan 26). Combination, Modulation and Interplay of Modern Radiotherapy with the Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer: Which Candidates to Boost Radiotherapy? Cancers (Basel), 15;(3):. doi: 10.3390/cancers15030768
26. Arous D, Lie JL, Håland BV, Børsting M, Edin NFJ, Malinen E. (2023 Jan 13). 2D mapping of radiation dose and clonogenic survival for accurate assessment ofin vitroX-ray GRID irradiation effects. Phys Med Biol, 68;(2):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/acaf20
27. Rogers LJ, Harley JC, McKenzie DR, Suchowerska N. (2022). Radiation responses of cancer and normal cells to split dose fractions with uniform and grid fields: increasing the therapeutic ratio. Int J Radiat Biol, 98;(9):1424-1431. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2047826
28. Price LSL, Rivera JN, Madden AJ, Herity LB, Piscitelli JA, Mageau S, Santos CM, Roques JR, Midkiff B, Feinberg NN, Darr D, Chang SX, Zamboni WC. (2021). Minibeam radiation therapy enhanced tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model. Ther Adv Med Oncol, 13;():17588359211053700. doi: 10.1177/17588359211053700
29. Cahoon P, Giacometti V, Casey F, Russell E, McGarry C, Prise KM, McMahon SJ. (2021 Nov 11). Investigating spatial fractionation and radiation induced bystander effects: a mathematical modelling approach. Phys Med Biol, 66;(22):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac3119
30. Rivera JN, Kierski TM, Kasoji SK, Abrantes AS, Dayton PA, Chang SX. (2020). Conventional dose rate spatially-fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) treatment response and its association with dosimetric parameters-A preclinical study in a Fischer 344 rat model. PLoS One, 15;(6):e0229053. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229053
31. Nolan MW, Gieger TL, Karakashian AA, Nikolova-Karakashian MN, Posner LP, Roback DM, Rivera JN, Chang S. (2017 Jun). Outcomes of Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy (GRID) for Bulky Soft Tissue Sarcomas in a Large Animal Model. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 16;(3):357-365. doi: 10.1177/1533034617690980
32. Asur R, Butterworth KT, Penagaricano JA, Prise KM, Griffin RJ. (2015 Jan 1). High dose bystander effects in spatially fractionated radiation therapy. Cancer Lett, 356;(1):52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.032
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clinical
1. Lin YW, Chiang SW, Hsieh YW, Pan CP, Kung ML, Lin KH. (2026 Nov). VMAT-based lattice radiotherapy for advanced bulky hepatocellular carcinoma within multimodality treatment: a consecutive feasibility series. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 61;():101263. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2026.101263
2. Regnery S, Ehle M, Neugebauer D, Gerke L, Schindehütte R, Bauer L, Mende S, Kirchner M, Balzer A, Gahlawat A, Abdollahi A, Kazdal D, Stenzinger A, Hörner-Rieber J, Uhl M, Aninditha K, Münter M, Welzel T, Debus J, Weykamp F. (2026 Jul 27). Spatially Fractionated Induction Radiotherapy to Widen the Therapeutic Window in Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SPARROW): Study Protocol of a Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Seamless Phase I/II Trial. Clin Lung Cancer, 27;(7):125-128. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2026.07.008
3. Chauhan KK, Grams MP, Lee MK, Park SS, Rajkumar AW, Garcia DA, Morris JM, Mateus CQ, Dudek AZ, Guenzel RM, Kottschade LA, Laack NN, Corbin KS, Stish BJ, Lester SC, Mutter RW. (2026 Aug 14). Clinical Outcomes of Minibeam Radiotherapy for Superficial Skin and Soft Tissue Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, ;():. pii: S0360-3016(26)04141-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.07.055
4. Caceros V, Ayala L, DomÃnguez C, Del Cid P, Siliezar A. (2026 Jul). A Five-Year Institutional Experience With Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy for Palliative Management of Bulky Tumors Across Diverse Anatomical Sites. Cureus, 18;(7):e113516. doi: 10.7759/cureus.113516
5. Zhao Y, Li C, Guo S, Zhang B, Wu D, Wei Q, Zhang T. (2026). Spatially fractionated radiotherapy for liver metastases: two cases of intrahepatic response dissociation. Front Cell Dev Biol, 14;():1867630. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2026.1867630
6. Fu D, Liang C, Yuan L, Liu Y, Zhang M, Shi X. (2026). SFRT combined with immunotherapy for bulky hepatic metastasis from pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: a case report. Front Oncol, 16;():1815116. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1815116
7. Sang W, Shi Y, Wang B, Zhang L. (2026). Rapid Hemostasis and Significant Tumor Regression in Ulcerative Breast Cancer Via Combined Modified Lattice Radiotherapy and Systemic Therapy: A Case Report. Breast Cancer (Auckl), 20;():11782234261441378. doi: 10.1177/11782234261441378
8. Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhu H, Yang S, Yang C, Jiang S, Shen S, Zhao L, Luo J, Yuan Z, Liu N. (2026 Apr 30). Preliminary results from a phase II trial of spatially fractionated radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with bulky solid tumors: early evidence of promising efficacy and favorable safety. Radiat Oncol, 21;(1):. doi: 10.1186/s13014-026-02841-w
9. Shang P, Li M, Zhang X, Zhu D, Yue J. (2026 Mar). Spatially fractionated radiotherapy versus conventional radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma: A multicenter, prospective, phase II, randomized controlled clinical trial protocol. Precis Radiat Oncol, 10;(1):59-64. doi: 10.1002/pro6.70046
10. Luo H, Yang M, Li J, Qiu T, Hu W, Song Y, Wang T, Peng H, Yang X, Feng B, Chen L, Tan L, Liang B, Wang Y, Jin F. (2026 Oct 1). Toward Optimal Fractionation Schemes in Nonuniform Radiation Therapy: Exploiting Helical Tomotherapy's Thread Effect for Gynecological Cancer Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 126;(2):557-567. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.03.026
11. Li Y, Han L, Yan W, Yang J. (2026). SCART sequential lattice spatial fractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer with bulky bone metastasis: a case report. Front Oncol, 16;():1761101. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1761101
12. Zhou C, Liu H, Yan C, Yang T, Yang A, Liu X, Liu X, Wang Z. (2026). Case Report: Three-fraction lattice radiotherapy followed by VMAT concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol, 16;():1740098. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1740098
13. Sheikh K, Tran A, Li H, LaVigne AW, Wright JL, Halthore A. (2025 Sep). Interim Analysis of Pro-Grid: A Phase 1 Proton Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy Trial. Adv Radiat Oncol, 10;(9):101857. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2025.101857
14. Jin Y, Qian L, Gu Y, Gu B, Shen C, Sun X. (2026 Mar). The Use of Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy Combined With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitor in the Treatment of Giant Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. Adv Radiat Oncol, 11;(3):101973. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2025.101973
15. Hobson J, Garda AE, Ticku J, Stockham A. (2025). Case Report: Navigating novel therapies and systemic barriers in ovarian clear cell carcinoma through a complete response to lenvatinib, pembrolizumab, and SFRT. Front Oncol, 15;():1679554. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1679554
16. Fang J, Wang A, Yao Q, Liu X, Zhou W, Lang J. (2025). Spatially fractionated radiotherapy combined with CapeOX and bevacizumab for postoperative pulmonary metastasis from urachal carcinoma: a case report. Front Oncol, 15;():1688215. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1688215
17. Gao Y, Yun Q, An Z, Zhang T, Sun X, Wang W, Duan J, Sun H, Chen L, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhao L. (2025 Dec 1). Integration of X-Ray and γ-Ray technologies in lattice radiotherapy: a novel approach for optimizing dose delivery in large-volume non-small cell lung cancer. Radiat Oncol, 21;(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13014-025-02757-x
18. "Iati G", Parisi S, Ferrantelli G, Pergolizzi S. (2025 Oct 23). Metabolism-Guided LATTICE Radiotherapy in an Elderly Patient with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Treated with Curative Aim: A Case Report. Reports (MDPI), 8;(4):. doi: 10.3390/reports8040213
19. Chung CV, Nair SS, Khan MS, Nguyen CI, Martin-Paulpeter RM, Ludmir EB, Court LE, Niedzielski JS. (2025). Novel volumetric modulated arc therapy approach for lattice radiation therapy for bulky liver tumors. Front Oncol, 15;():1680342. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1680342
20. Zhang H, Wong K, Olch A, Han HR, Chau B, Lukas L, Chang EL. (2025). Initial experience of spatially fractionated lattice radiation therapy for palliative treatment of pediatric bulky tumors. Front Oncol, 15;():1648847. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1648847
21. Hobson J, Grams MP, Gicobi JK, Wigle D, Kottschade LA, Durham LA, Corbin K, Dong H, Markovic SN, Park SS. (2025). Case Report: Complete pathologic response in advanced melanoma with SFRT and dual checkpoint inhibition. Front Oncol, 15;():1697902. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1697902
22. Burns L, Tsai J, Wong P, Parent A, Tsang Y, Serban M, Lukovic J. (2026 Jan). Spatially fractionated radiotherapy for re-irradiation: feasibility, safety, treatment planning, and outcomes. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 56;():101049. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2025.101049
23. Santos Ortega M, Guevara Barrera D, Guirado Llorente D, RodrÃguez Villalba S, Blázquez Molina F, Lago MartÃn JD, Pérez-Calatayud J. (2025 Sep). Novel Gradient-based Approach to Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy: Implementation and Preliminary Clinical Results. Cureus, 17;(9):e91740. doi: 10.7759/cureus.91740
24. Wang K, Sabouri P, Wolfe A, Siegel E, Marrufo J, Cothran C, McClain P, Lewis G, Penagaricano J, Griffin RJ, Xia F. (2026 Jan 1). Grid Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy for Bulky Tumors: A Large Single Institution Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 124;(1):147-158. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.08.013
25. Studer G, Streller T, Jeller D, Huebner D, Fuchs B, Glanzmann C. (2025 Aug 23). Diagnosis-Related Outcome Following Palliative Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (Lattice) of Large Tumors. Cancers (Basel), 17;(17):. doi: 10.3390/cancers17172752
26. Puente-Vallejo R, Pacheco MDP, Muhammad I. (2025 Aug). Experience With the Lattice Technique of Palliative Radiotherapy for Treating Voluminous Metastases of Renal Cancer in the Radiotherapy Department of Solca Quito, Ecuador: A Case Report. Cureus, 17;(8):e89473. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89473
27. Liu X, Xu K, Yao Q, Fang J, Zhou W, Lang J. (2025). Metastatic colon adenocarcinoma to the gingiva treated with spatial fractionation radiotherapy: a case report. Front Oncol, 15;():1580430. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1580430
28. Yilmaz MT, Yedekci FY, Mohammadipour S, Kivanc H, Cengiz M, Cifci G, Kertmen N, Yazici G. (2025 Jun). Advancing Intracranial Tumor Treatment Through Gyroscopic Radiosurgery-Based Lattice Therapy: Evidence From a Case Series Study. Cureus, 17;(6):e85383. doi: 10.7759/cureus.85383
29. Ferris MJ, Mossahebi S, Jatczak J, Molitoris JK, Rana ZH, Steacy KJ, Regine WF, Yi BY. (2025 Jul). Bulky non-small cell lung cancer treated with two-field robust proton lattice boost followed by conventional chemoradiation. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 53;():100987. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2025.100987
30. Knight JA 2nd, Trosper N, Misa J, Bernard ME, Fabian D, Kudrimoti M, Yan W, St Clair W, Yang ES, Pokhrel D. (2025 Jul 15). Reported Early Clinical Outcomes of Forward-Planned Multileaf Collimator-Based 3-Dimensional Conformal Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy Technique for Large and Bulky Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 122;(4):1060-1068. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.04.016
31. Majercakova K, Aguilar NT, Isern Verdum J, Bargalló HV, Capel AV, Mancera Soto M, Gómez de Segura Melcón G, Cordero JVR, González-López JA, Rosell SB, Jover DH, Mitre SR, Ibañez AP, Sebio A, Sancho-Pardo G. (2025 Feb 13). Role of Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy (LATTICE) Treatment in Inoperable Bulky Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel), 17;(4):. doi: 10.3390/cancers17040624
32. Studer G, Jeller D, Streller T, Huebner D, Glanzmann C. (2024 Sep). Time-Related Outcome Following Palliative Spatially Fractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy (Lattice) of Large Tumors - A Case Series. Adv Radiat Oncol, 9;(9):101566. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2024.101566
33. Xu P, Wang S, Zhou J, Yuan K, Wang X, Li L, Lang J, Lu S. (2024 Sep). Spatially fractionated radiotherapy (Lattice SFRT) in the palliative treatment of locally advanced bulky unresectable head and neck cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 48;():100830. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2024.100830
34. Tubin S, Ashdown ML, Ahmed MM, Guha C, Salerno G, Celedin B, Trummer B, Demschar S, Raunik W. (2024 Oct). Novel time-synchronized immune-guided partial tumor irradiation: Proof of principle trial. Radiother Oncol, 199;():110442. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110442
35. Pedroso Partichelli F, de Arruda Botelho M. (2023 Winter). Evaluation of the applicability of the lattice radiotherapy technique at the National Cancer Institute - INCA. Med Dosim, 48;(4):245-248. doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2023.05.003
36. Torelli N, Papp D, Unkelbach J. (2023 Aug). Spatiotemporal fractionation schemes for stereotactic radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases. Med Phys, 50;(8):5095-5114. doi: 10.1002/mp.16457
37. Hatoum GF, Temple HT, Garcia SA, Zheng Y, Kfoury F, Kinley J, Wu X. (2023). Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy with Interdigitated High-Dose LRT for Voluminous High-Grade Soft-Tissue Sarcoma. Cancer Manag Res, 15;():113-122. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S393934
38. Price AT, Schiff JP, Zhu T, Mazur T, Kavanaugh JA, Maraghechi B, Green O, Kim H, Spraker MB, Henke LE. (2023 Mar). First treatments for Lattice stereotactic body radiation therapy using magnetic resonance image guided radiation therapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 39;():100577. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100577
39. Iori F, Cappelli A, "DAngelo E", Cozzi S, Ghersi SF, De Felice F, Ciammella P, Bruni A, Iotti C. (2023 Mar). Lattice Radiation Therapy in clinical practice: A systematic review. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 39;():100569. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.100569
40. Ferini G, Parisi S, Lillo S, Viola A, Minutoli F, Critelli P, Valenti V, Illari SI, Brogna A, Umana GE, Ferrantelli G, Lo Giudice G, Carrubba C, Zagardo V, Santacaterina A, Leotta S, Cacciola A, Pontoriero A, Pergolizzi S. (2022 Aug 12). Impressive Results after "Metabolism-Guided" Lattice Irradiation in Patients Submitted to Palliative Radiation Therapy: Preliminary Results of LATTICE_01 Multicenter Study. Cancers (Basel), 14;(16):. doi: 10.3390/cancers14163909
41. Tubin S, Fossati P, Carlino A, Martino G, Gora J, Stock M, Hug E. (2022 Apr 29). Novel Carbon Ion and Proton Partial Irradiation of Recurrent Unresectable Bulky Tumors (Particle-PATHY): Early Indication of Effectiveness and Safety. Cancers (Basel), 14;(9):. doi: 10.3390/cancers14092232
42. Schiff JP, Spraker MB, Duriseti S, Shaikh S, Murad HF, Mutch DG, Robinson CG, Kavanaugh J, Lin AJ. (2022 Jan-Feb). Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient With Metastatic Endometrial Cancer Treated With Lattice Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Adv Radiat Oncol, 7;(1):100797. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100797
43. Jiang L, Li X, Zhang J, Li W, Dong F, Chen C, Lin Q, Zhang C, Zheng F, Yan W, Zheng Y, Wu X, Xu B. (2020). Combined High-Dose LATTICE Radiation Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Advanced Bulky Tumors: The Concept and a Case Report. Front Oncol, 10;():548132. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.548132
44. Snider JW, Molitoris J, Shyu S, Diwanji T, Rice S, Kowalski E, Decesaris C, Remick JS, Yi B, Zhang B, Hall A, Hanna N, Ng VY, Regine WF. (2020 Dec 1). Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy (GRID) Prior to Standard Neoadjuvant Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy for Bulky, High-Risk Soft Tissue and Osteosarcomas: Feasibility, Safety, and Promising Pathologic Response Rates. Radiat Res, 194;(6):707-714. doi: 10.1667/RADE-20-00100.1
45. Amendola BE, Perez NC, Mayr NA, Wu X, Amendola M. (2020 Dec 1). Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy Using Lattice Radiation in Far-advanced Bulky Cervical Cancer: A Clinical and Molecular Imaging and Outcome Study. Radiat Res, 194;(6):724-736. doi: 10.1667/RADE-20-00038.1
46. Mohiuddin M, Lynch C, Gao M, Hartsell W. (2020 Mar). Early clinical results of proton spatially fractionated GRID radiation therapy (SFGRT). Br J Radiol, 93;(1107):20190572. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20190572
47. Tubin S, Popper HH, Brcic L. (2019 Jan 29). Novel stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)-based partial tumor irradiation targeting hypoxic segment of bulky tumors (SBRT-PATHY): improvement of the radiotherapy outcome by exploiting the bystander and abscopal effects. Radiat Oncol, 14;(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s13014-019-1227-y
48. Neuner G, Mohiuddin MM, Vander Walde N, Goloubeva O, Ha J, Yu CX, Regine WF. (2012 Apr 1). High-dose spatially fractionated GRID radiation therapy (SFGRT): a comparison of treatment outcomes with Cerrobend vs. MLC SFGRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 82;(5):1642-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.01.065
49. PeñagarÃcano JA, Moros EG, Ratanatharathorn V, Yan Y, Corry P. (2010 Apr). Evaluation of spatially fractionated radiotherapy (GRID) and definitive chemoradiotherapy with curative intent for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: initial response rates and toxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 76;(5):1369-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.03.030
50. Huhn JL, Regine WF, Valentino JP, Meigooni AS, Kudrimoti M, Mohiuddin M. (2006 Dec). Spatially fractionated GRID radiation treatment of advanced neck disease associated with head and neck cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 5;(6):607-12.
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clinical trial designs
1. Amendola BE, Mahadevan A, Blanco Suarez JM, Griffin RJ, Wu X, Perez NC, Hippe DS, Simone CB 2nd, Mohiuddin M, Mohiuddin M, Snider JW, Zhang H, Le QT, Mayr NA. (2022 Aug 31). An International Consensus on the Design of Prospective Clinical-Translational Trials in Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy for Advanced Gynecologic Cancer. Cancers (Basel), 14;(17):. doi: 10.3390/cancers14174267
2. Mayr NA, Snider JW, Regine WF, Mohiuddin M, Hippe DS, PeñagarÃcano J, Mohiuddin M, Kudrimoti MR, Zhang H, Limoli CL, Le QT, Simone CB 2nd. (2022 Mar-Apr). An International Consensus on the Design of Prospective Clinical-Translational Trials in Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy. Adv Radiat Oncol, 7;(2):100866. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100866
lattice therapy physics
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2. Qian Y, Jia Y, Fan Q, Zhao L, Dao R, Li T, Zhang S, Peng G, Yin F, Liu M, Ding X, Lin H, Wen N, Peng H, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zheng Y, Yang K, Huang J, Dai Z, Quan H, Liu G. (2026 Aug 15). A novel lattice technique via adaptive spot assignment and LET optimization based proton arc therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, ;():. pii: S0360-3016(26)04147-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.07.051
3. Balvasi E, Mahmoudi F, Farina P, Ameri A, Jafari F, Geraily G. (2026 Aug). A Comparative Analysis of Virtual 2D VMAT-Based SFRT and 3D Lattice Radiotherapy: Evaluation of Dosimetric and Therapeutic Outcomes. J Biomed Phys Eng, 16;(4):285-296. doi: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2410-1835
4. Wang X, Zhao R, Li Y, Xu Q. (2026 Aug). Development and validation of an automated evaluation system for lattice radiotherapy using a commercial treatment planning system scripting API. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 27;(8):e70700. doi: 10.1002/acm2.70700
5. Shinde N, Gu W, Domal S, Badiyan SN, Lin Y, Gao H. (2026 May 26). Lattice peak optimization: a mixed-integer framework for geometry-adaptive lattice radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol, 71;(10):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae6d7b
6. Li K, Yin Y, Liu T, Dai T, Zhu J, Li Z. (2025 Dec). Impact of Intra-fractional respiratory motion on dose distribution in lattice radiotherapy for liver tumors. Precis Radiat Oncol, 9;(4):274-283. doi: 10.1002/pro6.70044
7. Kou Y, Xu K, Zhu K, Jiang S, Feng R, Dou X, Xu L, Zhang X, Shi F, Liu X, Gong Z, Yue J. (2025 Dec). Efficacy and safety evaluation of radiotherapy approach based on spatially fractionated radiotherapy and stereotactic core ablative radiation therapy technologies for bone metastatic malignant tumors with soft tissue formation: A randomized controlled phase II trial. Precis Radiat Oncol, 9;(4):260-265. doi: 10.1002/pro6.70036
8. Tong X, Zhang W, Zhu YN, Hong X, Wang C, Setianegara J, Lin Y, Gao H. (2026 Jan). Dose optimization with fully flexible vertex positioning for LATTICE radiotherapy. Med Phys, 53;(1):e70262. doi: 10.1002/mp.70262
9. Shinde N, Zhang W, Lin Y, Gao H. (2026 Jan). Minibeam-pLATTICE: A novel proton LATTICE modality using minibeams. Med Phys, 53;(1):e70250. doi: 10.1002/mp.70250
10. Sun Q, Hu Y, Sun Z, Du L, Huang R, Wang L, Cui Z, Yang J, Ma X, Li M. (2025). Spatially optimized 125I brachytherapy: a novel immunomodulatory approach based on spatially fractionated radiation therapy principles. Front Oncol, 15;():1693574. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1693574
11. Wei S, Qi H, Xu L, Selvaraj B, Zhao X, Zheng A, Vermeulen M, Lee NY, Bakst R, Guha C, Tsai P, Kang M, Wu X, Yacoub I, Choi JI, Chhabra A, Simone CB 2nd, Lin H. (2025 Dec). Proton pencil beam scanning ultra-high dose rate 3D lattice radiotherapy: A proof-of-concept FLASH SFRT study. Med Phys, 52;(12):e70187. doi: 10.1002/mp.70187
12. An C, Dai Z, Dai Z, Li J, Tan X, Jia Y, Jiang D, Liu H, Nie Y. (2025 Dec 18). VHEE-SSB grid: spot-scanning beam enabled spatially fractionated and FLASH radiotherapy with very high energy electron beams. Phys Med Biol, 70;(24):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae25b1
13. Unterkirhers S, Besserer J, Bley CR. (2025 Oct 27). Tumor geometry adjusted lattice structures for animal spatially fractionated SBRT. Z Med Phys, ;():. pii: S0939-3889(25)00131-X. doi: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2025.10.004
14. Iatì G, Ferrantelli G, Pergolizzi S, Ferini G, Venuti V, Chillari F, Sciacca M, Zagardo V, Siragusa C, Santacaterina A, Brogna A, Parisi S. (2025 Oct 2). Low Radiation Doses to Gross Tumor Volume in Metabolism Guided Lattice Irradiation Based on Lattice-01 Study: Dosimetric Evaluation and Potential Clinical Research Implication. J Pers Med, 15;(10):. doi: 10.3390/jpm15100470
15. Zhu YN, Zhang W, Lin Y, Gao H. (2025 Jan-Dec). Equivalent-Uniform-Dose Optimization for Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 24;():15330338251380609. doi: 10.1177/15330338251380609
16. Sait AA, Sa Y, Khemissi A, Patel U, Mani S, Paloor S, Hammoud R. (2025 Oct). Evaluating the Ethos automated planning system for spatially fractionated radiotherapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 26;(10):e70306. doi: 10.1002/acm2.70306
17. Hara D, Abou-Mourad H, Antolak JA, Thull JC, Laack NN, Self C, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, Prezado Y, Tseung HSWC, Breen WG, Lester SC, Mutter RW, Park SS, Grams MP. (2025 Oct). Mini-lattice radiation therapy: A treatment planning approach to miniaturize spatially fractionated lattice radiation therapy using a clinical linear accelerator. Med Phys, 52;(10):e70027. doi: 10.1002/mp.70027
18. Singh AK, Singh S, Sen S, Vijay A, Dipesh, Bhushan M, Mahipal, Omar M. (2025 Nov). Optimization and Quality Assurance of VMAT-Driven Lattice Radiotherapy in Large Tumors Across Anatomical Sites. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol), 47;():103936. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2025.103936
19. Yuan K, Zhou X, Guo H, Peng Y, Xu P, Li L, Li J, Li H, Lu S, Feng M, Lang J, Yang Y, Wang X. (2025 Nov 15). Feasibility Study of Functional MRI-Based Biologically Guided Lattice Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 123;(4):1176-1186. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.06.3901
20. Yang C, Li J, Li W, Setianegara J, Lin Y, Wang F, Gao H. (2025 Jul 15). A predictive model studying the impact of timing and order for the combination-regime of spatially fractionated radiation therapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol, 70;(14):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/adec38
21. Yedekci Y, Kıvanc H, Kahvecioglu A, Yazici G. (2025 Winter). Gyroscopic radiosurgery-based lattice therapy for intracranial tumors: A dosimetric study. Med Dosim, 50;(4):366-371. doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2025.05.004
22. Zhu L, Yu NY, Ahmed SK, Ashman JB, Toesca DS, Grams MP, Deufel CL, Duan J, Chen Q, Rong Y. (2025 Jul). Simulation-free workflow for lattice radiation therapy using deep learning predicted synthetic computed tomography: A feasibility study. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 26;(7):e70137. doi: 10.1002/acm2.70137
23. Tong X, Zhang W, Zhu YN, Hong X, Wang C, Setianegara J, Lin Y, Gao H. (2025 May 20). A fully flexible joint lattice position and dose optimization method for LATTICE therapy. ArXiv, ;():.
24. Setianegara J, Zhu YN, Zhu M, Badkul R, Zhao T, Li H, Wang F, Akhavan D, Gao H, Lin Y. (2025 May 19). Proton GRID and LATTICE treatment planning techniques for clinical liver SFRT treatments. Phys Med Biol, 70;(11):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/add2cc
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27. Zhu YN, Zhang W, Setianegara J, Lin Y, Traneus E, Long Y, Zhang X, Badkul R, Akhavan D, Wang F, Chen RC, Gao H. (2024 Oct 25). Proton ARC based LATTICE radiation therapy: feasibility study, energy layer optimization and LET optimization. Phys Med Biol, 69;(21):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad8855
28. Botti A, Finocchiaro D, Panico N, Trojani V, Paolani G, Iori F, Sghedoni R, Cagni E, Lambertini D, Ciammella P, Iotti C, Iori M. (2024 Oct). LatticeOpt: An automatic tool for planning optimisation of spatially fractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy. Phys Med, 126;():104823. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.104823
29. Kunkyab T, Magliari A, Jirasek A, Mou B, Hyde D. (2024 Nov). Semi-automated vertex placement for lattice radiotherapy and dosimetric verification using 3D polymer gel dosimetry. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 25;(11):e14489. doi: 10.1002/acm2.14489
30. Mossahebi S, Molitoris JK, Poirier Y, Jatczak J, Zhang B, Mohindra P, Ferris M, Regine WF, Yi B. (2024 Nov 15). Clinical Implementation and Dosimetric Evaluation of a Robust Proton Lattice Planning Strategy Using Primary and Robust Complementary Beams. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 120;(4):1149-1158. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.06.009
31. Zhang W, Lin Y, Wang F, Badkul R, Chen RC, Gao H. (2023 Dec). Lattice position optimization for LATTICE therapy. Med Phys, 50;(12):7359-7367. doi: 10.1002/mp.16572
32. Zhang W, Li W, Lin Y, Wang F, Chen RC, Gao H. (2023 Mar 1). TVL1-IMPT: Optimization of Peak-to-Valley Dose Ratio Via Joint Total-Variation and L1 Dose Regularization for Spatially Fractionated Pencil-Beam-Scanning Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 115;(3):768-778. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.064
33. Duriseti S, Kavanaugh J, Goddu S, Price A, Knutson N, Reynoso F, Michalski J, Mutic S, Robinson C, Spraker MB. (2021 May-Jun). Spatially fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (Lattice) for large tumors. Adv Radiat Oncol, 6;(3):100639. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.100639
34. Murphy NL, Philip R, Wozniak M, Lee BH, Donnelly ED, Zhang H. (2020 Nov). A simple dosimetric approach to spatially fractionated GRID radiation therapy using the multileaf collimator for treatment of breast cancers in the prone position. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 21;(11):105-114. doi: 10.1002/acm2.13040
35. Wu X, Perez NC, Zheng Y, Li X, Jiang L, Amendola BE, Xu B, Mayr NA, Lu JJ, Hatoum GF, Zhang H, Chang SX, Griffin RJ, Guha C. (2020 Dec 1). The Technical and Clinical Implementation of LATTICE Radiation Therapy (LRT). Radiat Res, 194;(6):737-746. doi: 10.1667/RADE-20-00066.1
36. Jin JY, Zhao B, Kaminski JM, Wen N, Huang Y, Vender J, Chetty IJ, Kong FM. (2015 Dec). A MLC-based inversely optimized 3D spatially fractionated grid radiotherapy technique. Radiother Oncol, 117;(3):483-6. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.07.047
GRID therapy physics
1. Taylor ERJF, Ruan JL, Paillas S, Tullis IDC, Higgins GS, Petersson K. (2026 May). A preclinical setup for spatially fractionated radiation therapy with electrons. Med Phys, 53;(5):e70448. doi: 10.1002/mp.70448
2. Liu M, Xu Z, Zhang H, Chau B, Lukas L. (2026 Apr). Electron spatially fractionated radiation therapy using a clinically biocompatible 3D-printed tungsten-filament GRID. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 27;(4):e70567. doi: 10.1002/acm2.70567
3. Tsubouchi T, Umemura M, Minami K, Saruwatari N, Hamatani N, Takashina M, Yagi M, Kanai T. (2026 Jan 22). Quantifying biological effects of spatially heterogeneous carbon ion dose distributions using EUD. Biomed Phys Eng Express, 12;(1):. doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/ae36b0
4. Coon-Haworth MR, Geise JB, Elango T, Zaugg CJ, Veenstra JL, Riffell JJ, Polkowski A, Oderinde OM, Rivera JN, Scarpelli ML. (2026 Jan). 3D printed collimators and dosimetry for spatially fractionated radiation therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 27;(1):e70422. doi: 10.1002/acm2.70422
5. Misa J, Castle JR, Oldland TA, Pokhrel D. (2025 Nov). Nibbling toward optimal sphere packing for lattice spatially fractionated radiotherapy of large and bulky unresectable tumors. Med Phys, 52;(11):e70116. doi: 10.1002/mp.70116
6. Tobola-Galus A, Stolarczyk L, Ambrožová I, Caballero-Pacheco MA, DavÃdková M, Domingo C, De Saint-Hubert M, Knežević Ž, Liszka M, Majer M, Martinez Rovira I, Mojżeszek N, Wochnik A, Kopeć R, SwakoÅ„ J, Harrison R, Olko P. (2025 Nov). Dose distribution of secondary radiation in a water phantom for a spatially fractionated proton beam. Phys Med, 139;():105204. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2025.105204
7. Setianegara J, Green W, Zhao X, Mazur TR, Darafsheh A, Apicelli AJ, Badiyan SN, Perkins SM, Zhao T, Prusator MT. (2025 Jul). Design, fabrication, commissioning, and dosimetric verification of a GRID collimator for proton SFRT on a compact proton therapy machine. Med Phys, 52;(7):e17939. doi: 10.1002/mp.17939
8. Misa J, St Clair W, Pokhrel D. (2025 Jul). Demonstration of an enhanced dosing pattern for debulking large and bulky unresectable tumors via differential hole-size spatially fractionated radiotherapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 26;(7):e70127. doi: 10.1002/acm2.70127
9. Acuña MI, Lamirault C, Larcher T, Brisebard E, Schneider T, Juchaux M, Iglesias-Rey R, Fernández-Rodicio S, Aguiar P, Gómez-Lado N, MartÃnez-Rovira I, González-Vegas R, Yousef I, Gomez-Caamano A, Pombar M, Luna V, Sanchez M, Prezado Y. (2025 Apr 5). Mini-GRID therapy delivers optimised spatially fractionated radiation therapy using a flattening free filter accelerator. Commun Med (Lond), 5;(1):101. doi: 10.1038/s43856-025-00809-7
10. Misa J, Knight J 2nd, Clair WS, Pokhrel D. (2025 Autumn). Plan evaluation tool for spatially fractionated radiation therapy for unresectable large tumors via spatial biological effective dose modeling in combination therapy. Med Dosim, 50;(3):237-243. doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2025.02.002
11. Corvino A, Schneider T, Vu-Bezin J, Loap P, Kirova Y, Prezado Y. (2025 Apr). Photon mini-GRID therapy for preoperative breast cancer tumor treatment: A treatment plan study. Med Phys, 52;(4):2493-2506. doi: 10.1002/mp.17634
12. Bergeron P, Milliat F, Deutsch E, Mondini M. (2024 Dec 31). Heterogeneous intratumor irradiation: a new partner for immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology, 13;(1):2434280. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2024.2434280
13. Khan AU, Sengupta B, Das IJ. (2024 Nov 11). The role of volume averaging effects, beam hardening, and phantom scatter in dosimetry of grid therapy. Phys Med Biol, 69;(22):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad8c91
14. Zhang W, Traneus E, Lin Y, Chen RC, Gao H. (2024 Oct). A novel treatment planning method via scissor beams for uniform-target-dose proton GRID with peak-valley-dose-ratio optimization. Med Phys, 51;(10):7047-7056. doi: 10.1002/mp.17307
15. Xu Z, Balik S, Woods K, Shen Z, Cheng C, Cui J, Gallogly H, Chang E, Lukas L, Lim A, Natsuaki Y, Ye J, Ma L, Zhang H. (2024 Aug). Dosimetric characterization for GRID collimator-based spatially fractionated radiation therapy: Dosimetric parameter acquisition and machine interchangeability investigation. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 25;(8):e14410. doi: 10.1002/acm2.14410
16. Karimi AH, Das IJ, Chegeni N, Jabbari I, Jafari F, Geraily G. (2024 Feb 24). Beam quality and the mystery behind the lower percentage depth dose in grid radiation therapy. Sci Rep, 14;(1):4510. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55197-0
17. Clements N, Esplen N, Bateman J, Robertson C, Dosanjh M, Korysko P, Farabolini W, Corsini R, Bazalova-Carter M. (2024 Feb 19). Mini-GRID radiotherapy on the CLEAR very-high-energy electron beamline: collimator optimization, film dosimetry, and Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Med Biol, 69;(5):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad247d
18. Halthore A, Fellows Z, Tran A, Deville C Jr, Wright JL, Meyer J, Li H, Sheikh K. (2023 Winter). Treatment Planning of Bulky Tumors Using Pencil Beam Scanning Proton GRID Therapy. Int J Part Ther, 9;(3):40-49. doi: 10.14338/IJPT-22-00028
19. Ertan F, Yeginer M, Zorlu F. (2023 Feb 1). Dosimetric Performance Evaluation of MLC-based and Cone-based 3D Spatially Fractionated LATTICE Radiotherapy. Radiat Res, 199;(2):161-169. doi: 10.1667/RADE-22-00020.1
20. Clements N, Bazalova-Carter M, Esplen N. (2022 Sep 7). Monte Carlo optimization of a GRID collimator for preclinical megavoltage ultra-high dose rate spatially-fractionated radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol, 67;(18):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8c1a
21. Schneider T, Fernandez-Palomo C, Bertho A, Fazzari J, Iturri L, Martin OA, Trappetti V, Djonov V, Prezado Y. (2022 Oct). Combining FLASH and spatially fractionated radiation therapy: The best of both worlds. Radiother Oncol, 175;():169-177. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.08.004
22. Pokhrel D, Bernard ME, Mallory R, St Clair W, Kudrimoti M. (2022 May). Conebeam CT-guided 3D MLC-based spatially fractionated radiation therapy for bulky masses. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 23;(5):e13608. doi: 10.1002/acm2.13608
23. Grams MP, Tseung HSWC, Ito S, Zhang Y, Owen D, Park SS, Ahmed SK, Petersen IA, Haddock MG, Harmsen WS, Ma DJ. (2022 Sep-Oct). A Dosimetric Comparison of Lattice, Brass, and Proton Grid Therapy Treatment Plans. Pract Radiat Oncol, 12;(5):e442-e452. doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.03.005
24. Zhang X, Griffin RJ, Galhardo EP, Penagaricano J. (2022 Jan-Dec). Feasibility Study of 3D-VMAT-Based GRID Therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 21;():15330338221086420. doi: 10.1177/15330338221086420
25. Zhang H, Grams MP, Foy JJ, Mayr NA. (2022 Feb 18). A Dosimetric Parameter Reference Look-Up Table for GRID Collimator-Based Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel), 14;(4):. doi: 10.3390/cancers14041037
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SFRT
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microbeam
1. Yeomans L, Gharehkhani K, Cummings C, Wilk J, Box C, Nill S, Oelfke U. (2025 Dec). Adaptation of a small animal radiation research platform for pre-clinical microbeam irradiations. Med Phys, 52;(12):e70162. doi: 10.1002/mp.70162
2. Breslin T, Kügele M, de Rover V, Fiedler S, Lindner T, Klingenberg J, Faria GA, Frerker B, Nuesken F, Ceberg S, Ceberg C, Lerch M, Hildebrandt G, Schültke E. (2025 Oct 10). The Potential of Dosimetry and the Visualization of Microbeam Arrays in NIPAM Gel at the PETRA III Synchrotron. Gels, 11;(10):. doi: 10.3390/gels11100814
3. Petrich C, Winter J, Dimroth A, Stolz J, Beiser T, Dehn M, Frignani J, Combs SE, Schilling F, Natour G, Aulenbacher K, Raulefs S, Schmid TE, Wilkens JJ, Bartzsch S. (2026 Mar 15). Commissioning, Characterization, and First High-Dose-Rate Irradiations at a Compact X-Ray Tube for Microbeam and Minibeam Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 124;(4):1137-1146. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.10.012
4. Humphreys J, White C, Mentzel F, Bolst D, Paino J, Tsoi AC, Arsini L, Scarselli F, Mancini-Terracciano C, Rosenfeld A, Tehei M, Corde S, Lerch M, Guatelli S, Hagenbuchner M. (2025 Nov). Point cloud dosimetry framework for preclinical microbeam radiation therapy. Phys Med, 139;():105198. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2025.105198
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10. Fernandez-Palomo C, Potez M, Haberthür D, Trappetti V, Pellicioli P, Fazzari J, Grams M, Hlushchuk R, Djonov V. (2025 Dec 1). Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy in Combination With Gold Nanoparticles Improves Control of Mouse Melanoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 123;(5):1383-1394. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.07.1427
11. Frerker B, Engels E, Paino J, Rover V, Bustillo JP, Wegner M, Cameron M, Fiedler S, Häusermann D, Hildebrandt G, Lerch M, Schültke E. (2025 Jul 3). Fast and Fractionated: Correlation of Dose Attenuation and the Response of Human Cancer Cells in a New Anthropomorphic Brain Phantom. Biomimetics (Basel), 10;(7):. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics10070440
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23. Kundapur V, Torlakovic E, Auer RN. (2024 Jul). The Story Behind the First Mini-BEAM Photon Radiation Treatment: What is the Mini-Beam and Why is it Such an Advance? Semin Radiat Oncol, 34;(3):337-343. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2024.04.003
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25. Lin Y, Li W, Johnson D, Prezado Y, Gan GN, Gao H. (2024 Jun). Development and characterization of the first proton minibeam system for single-gantry proton facility. Med Phys, 51;(6):3995-4006. doi: 10.1002/mp.17074
26. Stengl C, Muñoz ID, Arbes E, Rauth E, Christensen JB, Vedelago J, Runz A, Jäkel O, Seco J. (2024 Aug). Dosimetric study for breathing-induced motion effects in an abdominal pancreas phantom for carbon ion mini-beam radiotherapy. Med Phys, 51;(8):5618-5631. doi: 10.1002/mp.17077
27. Bertho A, Ortiz R, Maurin M, Juchaux M, Gilbert C, Espenon J, Ramasamy G, Patriarca A, De Marzi L, Pouzoulet F, Prezado Y. (2024 Oct 1). Thoracic Proton Minibeam Radiation Therapy: Tissue Preservation and Survival Advantage Over Conventional Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 120;(2):579-592. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.04.011
28. Reaz F, Traneus E, Bassler N. (2024 Apr 11). Tuning spatially fractionated radiotherapy dose profiles using the moiré effect. Sci Rep, 14;(1):8468. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55104-7
29. Ahmed M, Bicher S, Combs SE, Lindner R, Raulefs S, Schmid TE, Spasova S, Stolz J, Wilkens JJ, Winter J, Bartzsch S. (2024 Jan 30). In Vivo Microbeam Radiation Therapy at a Conventional Small Animal Irradiator. Cancers (Basel), 16;(3):. doi: 10.3390/cancers16030581
30. di Franco F, Rosuel N, Gallin-Martel L, Gallin-Martel ML, Ghafooryan-Sangchooli M, Keshmiri S, Motte JF, Muraz JF, Pellicioli P, Ruat M, Serduc R, Verry C, Dauvergne D, Adam JF. (2023 Nov 1). Monocrystalline diamond detector for online monitoring during synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy. J Synchrotron Radiat, 30;(Pt 6):1076-1085. doi: 10.1107/S160057752300752X
31. Chtcheprov P, Hadsell M, Burk L, Ger R, Zhang L, Yuan H, Lee YZ, Chang S, Lu J, Zhou O. (2013 Feb 9). Physiologically gated micro-beam radiation therapy using electronically controlled field emission x-ray source array. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng, 8671;():. pii: 86711Z
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33. Yuan H, Zhang L, Frank JE, Inscoe CR, Burk LM, Hadsell M, Lee YZ, Lu J, Chang S, Zhou O. (2015 Sep). Treating Brain Tumor with Microbeam Radiation Generated by a Compact Carbon-Nanotube-Based Irradiator: Initial Radiation Efficacy Study. Radiat Res, 184;(3):322-33. doi: 10.1667/RR13919.1
34. Belley MD, Stanton IN, Hadsell M, Ger R, Langloss BW, Lu J, Zhou O, Chang SX, Therien MJ, Yoshizumi TT. (2015 Apr). Fiber-optic detector for real time dosimetry of a micro-planar x-ray beam. Med Phys, 42;(4):1966-72. doi: 10.1118/1.4915078
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36. Zhang L, Yuan H, Inscoe C, Chtcheprov P, Hadsell M, Lee Y, Lu J, Chang S, Zhou O. (2014 Dec). Nanotube x-ray for cancer therapy: a compact microbeam radiation therapy system for brain tumor treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 14;(12):1411-8. doi: 10.1586/14737140.2014.978293
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minibeam
1. Shinde N, Zhang W, Lin Y, Gao H. (2026 Jan). Minibeam-pLATTICE: A novel proton LATTICE modality using minibeams. Med Phys, 53;(1):e70250. doi: 10.1002/mp.70250
2. Shinde N, Zhang W, Lin Y, Gao H. (2025 Nov). A mixed integer programming approach to minibeam aperture optimization for multi-collimator proton minibeam radiotherapy. Med Phys, 52;(11):e70129. doi: 10.1002/mp.70129
3. Reaz F, Huang Z, Pinto M, Bortfeldt J, Bassler N, Parodi K. (2025 Nov 2). Collimated and non-collimated proton minibeam irradiation using SIRMIO: a simulation study. Acta Oncol, 64;():1506-1514. doi: 10.2340/1651-226X.2025.44031
4. Wang Z, Wang L. (2025 Sep). Comments on "On the significance of peak dose in normal tissue toxicity in spatially fractionated radiotherapy: The case of proton minibeam radiation therapy". Precis Radiat Oncol, 9;(3):221-222. doi: 10.1002/pro6.70026
5. Sotiropoulos M, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, Prezado Y. (2025 Nov). Evaluation of three radiochromic film types in x-ray minibeam radiation therapy pre-clinical dosimetry. Phys Med, 139;():105195. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2025.105195
6. Iturri L, Riquelme-Perez M, Bonté PE, Potiron S, Goudot C, Juchaux M, Brisebard E, Gilbert C, Espenon J, Ortiz R, Patriarca A, De Marzi L, Amigorena S, Prezado Y. (2025 Nov 3). Evaluation of Proton Minibeam Radiotherapy on Antitumor Immune Responses in a Rat Model of Glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Res, 13;(11):1854-1872. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-24-0902
7. Pizzardi S, Alborghetti L, Vurro F, Lacavalla MA, Capialbi MM, Milani P, Cavaliere F, Fiorino C, Spinelli AE. (2025 Aug 15). Development of a preclinical X-rays minibeam Monte Carlo treatment planning system. Sci Rep, 15;(1):29926. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15281-5
8. Schorling C, Rauth E, Stengl C, Seco J. (2025 Aug). Experimental investigation of oxygen diffusion in the peak and valley region of minibeam patterns during x-ray irradiation. Med Phys, 52;(8):e17999. doi: 10.1002/mp.17999
9. Hong X, Zhang W, Xu Y, Lin Y, Gao H. (2025 Aug). Spatially-adaptive dose calculation grid and planning method for proton minibeam radiation therapy. Med Phys, 52;(8):e18027. doi: 10.1002/mp.18027
10. Morrocchi M, Ciarrocchi E, Anzalone R, Cavalieri A, Martino FD, "DOrazio C", Massa M, Moggi A, Mozzo C, Pensavalle JH, Ravera E, Bisogni MG. (2025 Aug). Plastic scintillator sheets for quality assurance in electron FLASH and minibeam radiation therapy. Med Phys, 52;(8):e18033. doi: 10.1002/mp.18033
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12. Reaz F, Kristensen L, Traneus E, Sørensen BS, Bassler N. (2025 Oct). Probing the therapeutic window of proton minibeam radiotherapy using dose-response curves in a mouse model. Radiother Oncol, 211;():111050. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2025.111050
13. Jacobson MA, Sharifzadeh Y, Dudek AZ, Markovic SN, Johnson JE, Morris JM, Lester SC, Mutter RW, Grams MP, Park SS. (2025 Aug). Minibeam Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Mucosal Melanoma: An Eye-Opening Response. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes, 9;(4):100640. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100640
14. Moskvin VP, Faught A, Pirlepesov F, Xie F, Al-Ward S, Cohilis M, Souris K, Merchant TE, Hua CH. (2025 Jul 8). Implementation and validation of a fast Monte Carlo code as a secondary dose calculation engine for proton therapy with narrow beams. Biomed Phys Eng Express, 11;(4):. doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/ade9c8
15. Potiron S, Iturri L, Lamirault C, Dos Santos M, Corvino A, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, De Marzi L, Espenon J, Gilbert C, Juchaux M, Larcher T, Créhange G, Griffin R, Prezado Y. (2025 Nov 15). Dose Heterogeneity Reduces Radiation Oxygen Dependence in Both Tumor and Healthy Tissues: The Case of Proton Minibeam Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 123;(4):1132-1145. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.06.3859
16. Prezado Y, Lamirault C, Jouglar E, Ahire V, Gilbert C, Espenon J, Bertho A, Iturri L, Pouzoulet F, de Marzi L, Patriarca A, Warfving N, Weber K, Juchaux M. (2025 Aug). Proton minibeam radiation therapy: A promising alternative for brain re-irradiations. Radiother Oncol, 209;():110980. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2025.110980
17. Reaz F, Traneus E, Bassler N. (2025 Jun 27). Commissioning of a multislit collimator system for experimental pMBRT studies with uniform target dose. Phys Med Biol, 70;(13):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ade04b
18. Wu W, Zhang W, Li J, Wang W, Lin Y, Li Q, Gao H. (2025 Jun). A carbon ion minibeam treatment planning method with scissor beams. Med Phys, 52;(6):3625-3634. doi: 10.1002/mp.17869
19. Herchko S, Yaddanapudi S, Wang CC. (2025 May 27). Design and validation of a minibeam treatment delivery system for use with a radiation therapy research platform. Biomed Phys Eng Express, 11;(4):. doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/adcf2c
20. Jouglar E, de Marzi L, Verrelle P, Créhange G, Ferrand R, Doz F, Prezado Y, Paoletti X. (2025 May). From pre-clinical studies to human treatment with proton-minibeam radiation therapy: adapted Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term evaluation (IDEAL) framework for innovation in radiotherapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 52;():100932. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2025.100932
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Minibeam Physics
1. Romano F, Zanacchi FC, Ciarrocchi E, Franciosini G, Milluzzo G, Scifoni E, Vignati A, Ahmad S, Arezzini S, Attili A, Battestini M, Bernardini J, Bettanin M, Bisio A, Bisogni MG, Bodrenko I, Bordieri G, Bravatà V, Burattini A, Camarda M, Cammarata FP, Capaccioli S, Castelli L, Cavalieri A, Celentano M, Chiadroni E, Cordoni FG, Corvaia E, Costa M, Curcio A, Da Pozzo E, De Felice M, Debbio FD, "DErrico F", "DOca MC", "DOrsi B", Deut U, Durisi E, Fantacci ME, Farina S, Felici G, Ferro A, Ficcadenti L, Formuso A, Forte GI, Giordanengo S, Giuliano A, Giuliano L, Lanzanò L, Linsalata S, Lossano S, Maffei M, Marafini M, Marrale M, Massa M, Masturzo L, Mazzoni E, Migliorati M, Milian FM, Minafra L, Moggi A, Olivares DM, Montefiori M, Morrocchi M, Mostacci A, Mostardi F, Okpuwe C, Paiar F, Palumbo L, Patera V, Pensavalle JH, Pucci G, Quattrini F, Retico A, Rosso V, Russo G, Sacchi R, Sarti A, Scalisi S, Scapicchio C, Schiavi A, Stochino P, Strettoi E, Tommasino F, Tozzini V, Traini G, Trovato G, Usai A, Urso F, Martino FD. (2026 Aug). A multidisciplinary experimental and methodological investigation of electron and proton minibeams in the framework of the INFN MIRO project. Med Phys, 53;(8):e70537. doi: 10.1002/mp.70537
2. Wu W, Shinde N, Li J, Vanhaezebrouck I, Jiang K, Lin Y, Li Q, Gao H. (2026 Aug). Photon minibeam-based LATTICE radiotherapy for small and medium-sized tumors: A dosimetric planning study. Med Phys, 53;(8):e70596. doi: 10.1002/mp.70596
3. Shinde N, Lin Y, Gao H. (2026 May 15). Collimator position optimization for proton minibeam radiation therapy. Sci Rep, 16;(1):. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-52573-w
4. Kügele M, de Rover VT, Hamada A, Fiedler S, Klingenberg J, Faria GA, Frerker B, Dzierma Y, Lerch M, Hildebrandt G, Schültke E. (2026 Mar 11). Enhancing pre-clinical microbeam radiation therapy capabilities at PETRA III beamline P61A through high-precision beam delivery. Phys Med Biol, 71;(5):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae4c13
5. Shinde N, Lin Y, Gao H. (2026 Feb 16). Collimator position optimization for proton minibeam radiation therapy. Res Sq, ;():. pii: rs.3.rs-8768924. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8768924/v1
6. Prins AC, Traneus E, Hoogeman MS, Ng Wei Siang K. (2026 Feb). Impact of center-to-center distance and slit width on robust target coverage and PVDR for proton minibeam radiation therapy using a commercial TPS. Med Phys, 53;(2):e70340. doi: 10.1002/mp.70340
7. Lin Y, Wu W, Setianegara J, Wang A, Gerard N, Nys J, Gan GN, Gao H. (2026 Feb 8). Experimental characterization of proton minibeam therapy delivery under FLASH dose-rate conditions. Sci Rep, 16;(1):. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36739-0
SFRT Physics
1. Actis O, Fernandez-Palomo C, Trappetti V, Togno M, Pellicioli P, Leiser D, Meer D, Djonov V. (2026 Sep). Impact of millimeter-scale target motion on the precision of spatially fractionated radiation therapy using proton minibeams. Med Phys, 53;(9):e70638. doi: 10.1002/mp.70638
2. Li J, Wang F, Li W, Yang C, Setianegara J, Badiyan S, Westover K, Domal S, Lin Y, Gao H. (2026 Sep). Exploratory personalized radiobiological modeling of bystander and immune effects to inform SFRT-SBRT scheduling. Med Phys, 53;(9):e70643. doi: 10.1002/mp.70643
3. Setianegara J, Wang A, Li W, Gerard N, Nys J, Chen RC, Gao H, Lin Y. (2026 May 26). Feasibility of proton ultra-high-dose-rate spatially fractionated radiotherapy system for preclinical experiments on a compact proton synchrocyclotron. Phys Med Biol, 71;(10):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae6224
4. Zhang H. (2026). Spatially fractionated radiation therapy: A powerful and low-toxicity technique for cancer treatment. J Radiosurg SBRT, 10;(1-2):139-144.
5. Sihawong N, Nobnop W, Chitapanarux I, Watcharawipha A, Chaiyapong A. (2026 Jan-Dec). Phantom-Based Dosimetric Comparison of Helical and Fixed-Beam TomoTherapy for Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy Using GRID and Lattice Target Designs. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 25;():15330338261444832. doi: 10.1177/15330338261444832
6. Snider JW, Sabouri P, Mossahebi S, Chhabra AM, Molitoris JK, Diwanji T, Langen KM, Regine WF, Zhu M, Simone CB. (2026). Novel use of peak optimized particle therapy for the delivery of three-dimensional spatially fractionated radiotherapy. Front Oncol, 16;():1736260. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1736260
7. Martin-Paulpeter RM, Balter PA, Perles LA, Ludmir EB, Niedzielski JS. (2026). Respiratory motion effects and plan robustness for lattice radiation therapy. Front Oncol, 16;():1731981. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1731981
8. Li Y, Martin-Paulpeter RM, Chung CV, Aguilar MA, Matias CA, Delgado A, Nair SS, Court LE, Perles L, Sahoo N, Zhu RX, Poenisch F, Flint DB, Sawakuchi GO, Beddar S, Koay E, Baker JS, Ludmir EB, Niedzielski JS. (2025). Novel pencil-beam scanning proton lattice radiation therapy for the treatment of bulky liver cancer: dosimetric comparison with VMAT-lattice radiotherapy. Front Oncol, 15;():1731259. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1731259
9. Hamad G, Poirier Y, Mossahebi S, Sawant A. (2026 Mar 13). Combining proton FLASH and spatially fractionated radiotherapy: experimental and simulation-based dosimetric characterization. Phys Med Biol, 71;(5):. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae4848
10. Stanley DN, Birchmeier AR, Cardenas CE, Popple RA, Viscariello N, Pogue JA, Stanley CB, Yusuf M, Soike M, Marcrom SR, Harms J. (2026 Feb). In-Silico Trial of Same-Day Simulation-Free Spatially Fractionated Adaptive Radiotherapy (SF(2)-ART). J Appl Clin Med Phys, 27;(2):e70517. doi: 10.1002/acm2.70517
11. Zhou Y, Tanny S, Milano MT, Marples B, Li F, Jung H, Webster M, Podgorsak AR, Yoon J, Rivais W, Hazoglou MJ, Zheng D. (2025). Spatially fractionated radiation therapy for treating recurrent glioblastoma: a dosimetric feasibility study. Front Oncol, 15;():1691132. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1691132